What function does a router serve in a network?

A router plays a critical role in managing data traffic within and between networks. Its primary function is to direct data packets from one network to another, making decisions based on the most efficient paths for data transmission. This process involves examining the destination IP address within the packet and determining the best route for the packet to take through interconnected networks.

By utilizing routing protocols and algorithms, routers are able to optimize the flow of data, ensuring that information reaches its intended destination as quickly and reliably as possible. This functionality is essential in maintaining the performance and efficiency of network communications, particularly in complex environments where multiple networks are interconnected.

Other options describe different networking functions. For example, storing data for quick retrieval is typically a function of databases or caching servers, while connecting devices within a LAN is the role of network switches or access points. Limiting access to certain applications is usually managed by firewalls or access control mechanisms. Each of these functions is important in their respective contexts but does not capture the essential role of a router in directing data between networks.